Heat Waves in India: A Rising Threat to Public Health

Understanding Heat Waves

Heat waves are extended periods of abnormally high temperatures that can pose severe risks to human health.

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) defines a heat wave as a "prolonged period of abnormally hot weather (relative to the normal pattern), which may last for days or weeks, and which is accompanied by high humidity and lack of significant cooling during the night."

Characteristics of Heat Waves

• Prolonged duration (typically 3 or more days)
• Excessive temperatures above normal threshold
• High humidity levels
• Lack of cooling during nighttime

Heat Waves in India

India is particularly vulnerable to heat waves due to its geographical location and climate patterns.

Heat waves typically occur in India from March to June, with some extending into July. On average, 5-6 heat wave events occur annually.

In 2021, India experienced a record-breaking heat wave with temperatures reaching 49.2°C (120.6°F) in May.

Impact of Heat Waves in India

Heat waves pose significant risks to human health, including:

• Heat stroke
• Dehydration
• Heat exhaustion
• Cardiovascular problems
• Respiratory issues

Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, children, and low-income households, are disproportionately affected by heat waves.

Heat waves can also disrupt livelihoods, damage infrastructure, and exacerbate water shortages.

Addressing Heat Waves

Several measures can be implemented to mitigate the impact of heat waves in India, including:

Early Warning Systems

Establishing early warning systems to alert communities to impending heat waves.

Cooling Centers

Establishing cooling centers in public areas where people can seek refuge from the heat.

Public Education

Educating the public about the risks of heat waves and protective measures.

Heat Action Plans

Developing and implementing heat action plans that outline response protocols, including communication strategies, resource allocation, and emergency measures.

Source: World Health Organization